Chifukwa chiyani chipangizo chochepetsera mphamvu chotsika chokhala ndi ntchito yophatikizira yochotsa mpweya chimakulitsa ubwino wa ma elastomers otsika kwambiri a PU
Chogwirira ntchito chopangidwa ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi chimadulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito jet yotenthetsera ya plasma. Ndi njira yabwino yodulira mbale zachitsulo.
Kaya mukupanga zojambulajambula kapena kupanga zinthu zomalizidwa, kudula kwa plasma kumapereka mwayi wopanda malire wodula aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Koma nchiyani chomwe chimayambitsa ukadaulo watsopanowu? makina odulira ndi plasma.
Kudula kwa plasma ndi njira yodulira zida zowongolera ndi ma jets othamanga a plasma. Zida zomwe zimatha kudulidwa ndi nyali ya plasma ndi chitsulo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu, mkuwa, mkuwa, ndi zina zopangira zitsulo.Kudula kwa Plasma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga , kukonza magalimoto ndi kukonza, zomangamanga mafakitale, salvage ndi scrapping.Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri kudula, kulondola kwambiri ndi mtengo wotsika, kudula plasma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuchokera ku makampani akuluakulu a CNC kupita ku makampani ang'onoang'ono osachita masewera, ndipo zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera. .Plasma cutting-Conductive gasi ndi kutentha kwa 30,000 ° C kumapangitsa kudula kwa plasma kukhala kwapadera kwambiri.
The ndondomeko yaikulu ya plasma kudula ndi kuwotcherera ndi kulenga magetsi njira kwa overheated ionized mpweya (ie plasma), kuchokera plasma kudula makina palokha kudzera workpiece kuti adulidwe, potero kupanga dera wathunthu kubwerera ku plasma kudula makina kudzera pansi terminal.Izi zimatheka ndi kuwomba mpweya wothinikizidwa (oksijeni, mpweya, mpweya inert ndi mpweya wina, malinga ndi zinthu kuti kudula) kudzera nozzle lolunjika pa liwiro la workpiece. mpweya wa mpweya ndi workpiece palokha. Arc ionizes gawo la mpweya ndipo imapanga conductive plasma channel.Pamene panopa kuchokera plasma kudula nyali umayenda plasma, izo kumasula kutentha mokwanira kusungunula workpiece.Pa nthawi yomweyo, ambiri wa plasma wothamanga kwambiri ndi gasi woponderezedwa amawotcha chitsulo chosungunuka chotentha, kulekanitsa chogwirira ntchito.
Kudula kwa plasma ndi njira yabwino yodulira zinthu zoonda komanso zonenepa. Ma nyali ogwidwa ndi manja amatha kudula mbale zachitsulo zokulirapo 38 mm, ndipo zounikira zamphamvu kwambiri zoyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta zimatha kudula mbale zachitsulo za 150 mm. "ma cones" odulira, ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakudula ndi kuwotcherera mapepala opindika kapena opindika.
Makina odulira plasma pamanja nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zitsulo zoonda, kukonza fakitale, kukonza ulimi, malo okonzera zowotcherera, malo othandizira zitsulo (zowonongeka, zowotcherera ndi kugwetsa), ntchito zomanga (monga nyumba ndi milatho), kupanga zombo zamalonda, kupanga ngolo, galimoto. kukonza Ndi zojambulajambula (kupanga ndi kuwotcherera).
Makina odulira plasma opangidwa ndi makina nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa makina odulira a plasma ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi matebulo odulira.Makina odulira a plasma amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi masitampu, laser kapena makina odulira a robotic. tebulo ndi zipata zogwiritsidwa ntchito.Makinawa si ophweka kugwiritsa ntchito, kotero zigawo zawo zonse ndi dongosolo la dongosolo ziyenera kuganiziridwa musanayike.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, wopanga amaperekanso gawo lophatikizana loyenera kudula ndi kuwotcherera kwa plasma.M'munda wa mafakitale, lamulo la thupi ndi: zovuta kwambiri zofunikira za kudula kwa plasma, ndizomwe zimakhala zokwera mtengo.
Kudula kwa plasma kunachokera ku kuwotcherera kwa plasma m'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndipo kunakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yodulira zitsulo zachitsulo ndi mbale m'zaka za m'ma 1980. Poyerekeza ndi kudula kwachikhalidwe "chitsulo ndi chitsulo", kudula kwa plasma sikutulutsa zitsulo zachitsulo ndipo kumapereka kudula kolondola. Makina ocheka a plasma oyambirira anali aakulu, odekha komanso okwera mtengo.Chotero, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kubwereza ndondomeko yodula mu njira yopangira misala.Mofanana ndi zida zina zamakina, teknoloji ya CNC (kompyuta yowerengera manambala) idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina odula plasma kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Chifukwa cha luso la CNC, makina odulira plasma apeza kusinthasintha kwakukulu podula mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana malinga ndi mndandanda wa malangizo osiyanasiyana omwe amapangidwa mu makina a CNC system. mbale zachitsulo zosalala zokhala ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri zokha zoyenda.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi, opanga makina osiyanasiyana odulira plasma apanga zitsanzo zatsopano zokhala ndi nozzles zing'onozing'ono komanso zowonda za plasma arcs.Izi zimathandiza kuti plasma ikhale ndi laser-monga precision.Opanga angapo aphatikiza kuwongolera kolondola kwa CNC ndi mfuti zowotcherera. mbali zomwe zimafuna kukonzanso pang'ono kapena zosafunikira, kufewetsa njira zina monga kuwotcherera.
Mawu akuti "kupatukana kwamafuta" amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu oti azitha kudula kapena kupanga zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha.Pankhani yodula kapena kusadula mpweya wa okosijeni, palibe chifukwa chopititsira patsogolo kukonzanso.Njira zitatu zazikulu ndi oxy-fuel, plasma ndi laser kudula.
Pamene ma hydrocarboni ali oxidized, amapanga kutentha.Mofanana ndi njira zina zoyaka moto, kudula kwa oxy-fuel sikufuna zipangizo zodula, mphamvu zimakhala zosavuta kunyamula, ndipo njira zambiri sizimafuna magetsi kapena madzi ozizira. Kudula mafuta a okosijeni ndiyo njira yayikulu yodulira zitsulo zolemera, zitsulo zopanda aloyi ndi zitsulo zotsika, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zida zowotcherera. Kuthamanga komwe kutentha kwamoto kumafikira kumadalira gasi. Liwiro la kudula kolondola kumadalira chiyero cha okosijeni ndi liwiro la jakisoni wa okosijeni. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa okosijeni, kapangidwe kake kabwino ka nozzle ndi mpweya wolondola wamafuta zimatsimikizira. zokolola zambiri ndi kuchepetsa wonse ndondomeko mtengo.
Kudula kwa plasma kunapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1950 pofuna kudula zitsulo zomwe sizingathe kuthamangitsidwa (monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu, ndi mkuwa) .Mu kudula kwa plasma, mpweya wotuluka mumphuno umapangidwa ndi ionized ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi mapangidwe apadera a nozzle.Pokhapokha ndi izi. mtsinje wotentha wa plasma ukhoza kudulidwa zipangizo monga mapulasitiki (palibe kutengerapo arc) .Kwa zipangizo zachitsulo, kudula kwa plasma kumayatsanso arc pakati pa electrode ndi workpiece kuti awonjezere mphamvu. kugwirizana kwina kwa njira yotulutsira kungathe kupezedwa ndi gasi wothandizira (kuteteza gasi) .Kusankha kusakaniza kwa plasma / chitetezo cha gasi kungathe kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa ndondomeko yonse.
Dongosolo la ESAB la Autorex ndilo gawo loyamba lopangira makina a plasma. Itha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi mizere yomwe ilipo kale (Source: ESAB Cutting System)
Kudula kwa laser ndiukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wodula matenthedwe, wopangidwa pambuyo pa kudula kwa plasma.Mtanda wa laser umapangidwa mumtsempha wa resonant wa laser kudula system.Ngakhale kuti kumwa kwa mpweya wa resonator ndikotsika kwambiri, chiyero chake ndi kapangidwe kolondola ndizosankha. Chipangizo chotetezera mpweya chimalowa m'mphepete mwazitsulo kuchokera ku silinda ndikuwongolera ntchito yodula.Kudula ndi kuwotcherera, mtengo wa laser umatsogoleredwa kuchokera ku resonator kupita kumutu wodula kudzera pa njira yamtengo wapatali. , tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi nthunzi.Makamaka pamachitidwe apamwamba kwambiri (> 4kW), nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amalimbikitsidwa.Mu laser kudula, mpweya kapena nayitrogeni angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kudula gasi.Oxygen imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zosapangana ndi chitsulo chochepa cha alloy, ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi mofanana ndi kudula kwa oxy-mafuta.Pano, chiyero cha okosijeni chimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri.Nitrogen imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, aluminiyamu, ndi nickel alloys kuti akwaniritse mbali zoyera ndi kusunga zinthu zofunika kwambiri za gawo lapansi.
Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoziziritsa kukhosi m'mafakitale ambiri omwe amabweretsa kutentha kwakukulu ku ndondomekoyi.N'chimodzimodzinso ndi jekeseni wa madzi mu plasma cutting.Water amalowetsedwa mu plasma arc ya plasma yodula makina kudzera mu jet.Pogwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni monga plasma. mpweya, plasma arc nthawi zambiri imapangidwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi makina ambiri ocheka a plasma. Madzi akalowetsedwa mu plasma arc, amachititsa kuchepa kwa msinkhu. Ngati ubwino wa ndondomeko pamwambapa poyerekeza ndi plasma chikhalidwe, tingaone kuti kudula khalidwe ndi rectangularity wa kudula zakhala bwino kwambiri, ndi zipangizo kuwotcherera ndi bwino anakonza.Kuphatikiza pa kusintha khalidwe kudula pa plasma. kudula, kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la kudula, kuchepa kwa kupindika pawiri, komanso kuchepa kwa kukokoloka kwa nozzle kumatha kuwonedwa.
Mpweya wa vortex umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'makampani ocheka a plasma kuti akwaniritse bwino chigawo cha plasma ndi arc yokhazikika. kupanikizika kochepa kwambiri pafupi ndi shaft.Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kupanikizika kwakukulu ndi kochepa kumawonjezeka ndi chiwerengero cha vortices.Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwapakati pa njira ya radial kumachepetsa arc ndipo kumayambitsa kutentha kwamakono ndi kutentha kwa ohmic pafupi ndi shaft.
Izi zimabweretsa kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri pafupi ndi cathode.Ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe mpweya wopotoka umafulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa cathode: kuonjezera kupanikizika mu chipinda chopanikizika ndikusintha kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake pafupi ndi cathode. kuganiziridwa kuti, molingana ndi kusungidwa kwa mphamvu ya angular, mpweya wokhala ndi nambala ya vortex yapamwamba idzawonjezera gawo la vortex velocity pa malo odulidwa. zosiyana.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-05-2022