Mitengo ya zinthu zamtengo wapatali za rare Earth (REEs) komanso kufunikira kwa odziwa ntchito zamigodi ikukwera pomwe mikangano yandale ndi yankhondo pakati pa United States ndi China ikukulirakulira, Nikkei Asia idatero.
China ndi yomwe imayang'anira msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe lili ndi njira zonse zopezera zinthu kuchokera ku migodi, kuyeretsa, kukonza mpaka kumayiko osowa.
Pofika chaka chatha, idalamulira 55 peresenti ya mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi 85 peresenti ya kuyenga kwapadziko lapansi kosowa, malinga ndi wofufuza wazinthu Roskill.
Ulamuliro umenewo ukhoza kukula, pamene Beijing yalengeza kuti ikufuna "mgwirizano waubwenzi" ndi boma latsopano la Taliban la Afghanistan, lomwe likukhala pamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa $ 1 thililiyoni wa mchere wosagwiritsidwa ntchito, malinga ndi akatswiri osowa padziko lapansi.
Nthawi zonse China ikawopseza kuyimitsa kapena kuchepetsa kutumiza kunja, mantha apadziko lonse lapansi amachititsa kuti mitengo yazitsulo ikukwera.
Zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosowa ndizofunika kwambiri paukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri - chilichonse kuyambira zoponya, zowombera ndege ngati F-35, mpaka ma turbines amphepo, zida zamankhwala, zida zamagetsi, mafoni am'manja, ndi ma motor pamagalimoto osakanizidwa ndi magetsi.
Lipoti la Congressional Research Service linati F-35 iliyonse imafuna ma kilogalamu 417 a zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizikusowa kuti apange zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga machitidwe a mphamvu ndi maginito.
Malinga ndi Nikkei Asia, a Max Hsiao, omwe ndi manejala wamkulu pakampani yopanga ma audio ku Dongguan, China, akukhulupirira kuti kutulutsaku kumachokera ku maginito aloyi yotchedwa neodymium praseodymium.
Mtengo wazitsulo zachitsulo zomwe kampani ya Hsiao imagwiritsa ntchito kusonkhanitsa oyankhula a Amazon ndi opanga laputopu Lenovo wakwera kawiri kuyambira Juni chaka chatha kufika pafupifupi 760,000 yuan ($117,300) mu Ogasiti.
"Kukwera mtengo kwa maginito ofunikirawa kwatsitsa malire athu ndi 20 peresenti ... zakhudza kwambiri," Xiao adauza Nikkei Asia.
Ndiwofunikira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zaukadaulo - chilichonse kuyambira okamba ndi ma mota amagetsi amagetsi kupita ku zida zamankhwala ndi zipolopolo zolondola.
Dziko lapansi losowa monga neodymium oxide, lothandizira kwambiri mumagetsi amagetsi ndi ma turbine amphepo, nawonso akwera 21.1% kuyambira chiyambi cha chaka, pomwe holmium, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu maginito ndi ma magnetostrictive alloys a masensa ndi ma actuators, yakwera pafupifupi 50%. .
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe zikubwera, akatswiri akuti kukwera kwamitengo yamitengo yapadziko lapansi kumatha kukweza mtengo wamagetsi ogula padziko lonse lapansi.
Pakadali pano, mbali ina ya dziko lapansi, chigawo chachipululu cha Nevada chayamba kumva kufunikira kwa zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi.
Ku Nevada, pafupifupi anthu a 15,000 amalembedwa ntchito m'boma la migodi.Pulezidenti wa Nevada Mining Association (NVMA) Tyre Gray adanena kuti izi zawononga makampani "pafupifupi ntchito 500 zochepa" - zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri.
Pamene US ikuyang'ana kuti iteteze unyolo wapakhomo pazinthu zapadziko lapansi zosawerengeka ndi mchere wina wofunikira monga lifiyamu, kufunikira kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi kudzangokulirakulira, malinga ndi lipoti la Northern Nevada Business Week.
Mabatire a lithiamu adapangidwa koyamba m'ma 1970 ndikugulitsidwa ndi Sony mu 1991, ndipo tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafoni am'manja, ndege, ndi magalimoto.
Amakhalanso ndi chiwongola dzanja chochepa kuposa mabatire ena, kutaya pafupifupi 5% pamwezi poyerekeza ndi 20% ya mabatire a NiCd.
"Zidzakhala zofunikira kudzaza ntchito zomwe tikusowa panopa, ndipo padzakhala kufunikira kudzaza ntchito zomwe zidzapangidwe chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito za migodi," adatero Gray.
Kuti izi zitheke, Grey adaloza pulojekiti ya lithiamu yomwe ikufuna ku Thacker Pass ku Humboldt County, pafupi ndi Orowada.
"Adzafuna ogwira ntchito yomanga kuti apange migodi yawo, koma adzafunika antchito anthawi zonse 400 kuti aziyendetsa migodi," Gray adauza NNBW.
Nkhani zantchito sizosiyana ku Nevada.Malinga ndi US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), ntchito za migodi ndi uinjiniya wa geological zikuyembekezeka kukula ndi 4% yokha kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2029.
Pomwe kufunikira kwa mchere wofunikira kukukulirakulira, antchito aluso ochepera akudzaza malo omwe ali pantchito.
Woimira Nevada Gold Mines anati: “Ndife odala kukumana ndi kukula kosaneneka kwa bizinesi yathu.Komabe, izi zimawonjezeranso zovuta pakuwona kwa ogwira ntchito.
"Tikukhulupirira kuti chifukwa chomwe chayambitsa izi ndi mliri komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ku United States.
"Mliriwu utasokoneza mbali zonse za moyo wa anthu, monganso makampani ena onse ku America, tikuwona antchito athu ena akuwunikanso zomwe asankha pamoyo wawo."
Ku Nevada, malipiro apakatikati apakatikati a ogwira ntchito m'migodi mobisa ndi ogwira ntchito kumigodi ndi $52,400;malinga ndi BLS, malipiro a mainjiniya a migodi ndi a geological achuluka kapena kupitilira apo ($93,800 mpaka $156,000).
Kupatula zovuta zokopa talente yatsopano mumakampani, migodi ya Nevada ili kumadera akutali m'boma - osati kapu ya tiyi ya aliyense.
Anthu ena amaganiza za anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi omwe ali ndi matope ndi mwaye omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo oopsa, akumatuluka utsi wakuda wochokera m'makina akale. Chithunzi chochititsa chidwi cha Dickens.
"Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri anthu amawonabe makampani ngati mafakitale m'zaka za m'ma 1860, kapena ngakhale makampani a 1960s," Gray anauza NNBW.
“Pamene ife tiridi patsogolo pa kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri.Tikugwiritsa ntchito umisiri wapamwamba kwambiri komanso womwe ulipo kuti tipeze migodi m’njira yotetezeka kwambiri.”
Nthawi yomweyo, US ikuyesetsa kuchepetsa kudalira China polimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubale wa US-China komanso nkhondo yaukadaulo womwe ukubwera:
Jeff Green, purezidenti wa kampani yokopa anthu JA Green & Co, adati: "Boma likuika ndalama kuti lipange maluso atsopano, kuyesera kupanga chilichonse chothandizira.Funso ndilakuti tingathe kuchita zimenezi mwachuma.
Izi ndichifukwa choti US ili ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri paumoyo wa anthu komanso chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga kukhala kokwera mtengo.
Chodabwitsa n’chakuti, dziko la China likufuna kuti zinthu za m’mayiko osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi pano zizikhalapo kwambiri moti kwa zaka zisanu zapitazi zakhala zikuposa zomwe zili m’nyumba, zomwe zachititsa kuti ku China kuchuluke kwambiri katundu wobwera kuchokera kunja.
"Chitetezo chapadziko lapansi chosowa ku China sichinatsimikizidwe," atero a David Zhang, katswiri pa upangiri wa Sublime China Information.
"Zitha kutha ubale wa US-China ukasokonekera kapena mkulu wa boma la Myanmar aganiza zotseka malire."
Zowonjezera: Nikkei Asia, CNBC, Northern Nevada Business Week, Power Technology, BigThink.com, Nevada Mining Association, Marketplace.org, Financial Times
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Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-03-2022